Acids and Bases
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Acids and Bases
Table 1: Common strong and weak acids and bases
Formula
Name
Strong Acid
HCl(aq)
hydrochloric acid
HBr(aq)
hydrobromic acid
HI(aq)
hydroiodic acid
HNO
3
(aq)
nitric acid
HClO
3
(aq)
chloric acid
HClO
4
(aq)
perchloric acid
H
2
SO
4
(aq)
sulfuric acid
Weak Acid
HF(aq)
hydrofluoric acid
H
3
PO
4
(aq)
phosphoric acid
H
2
CO
3
(aq)
carbonic acid
CH
3
CO
2
H(aq)
acetic acid
H
2
C
2
O
4
(aq)
oxalic acid
H
2
C
4
H
4
O
6
(aq)
tartaric acid
H
3
C
6
H
5
O
7
(aq)
citric acid
HC
9
H
7
O
4
(aq)
aspirin
Strong Base
LiOH
lithium hydroxide
NaOH
sodium hydroxide
KOH
potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)
2
barium hydroxide
Ca(OH)
2
calcium hydroxide
Sr(OH)
2
strontium hydroxide
Weak Base
NH
3
ammonia
Table 2: Common anions and their corresponding acids
Common Anions
Corresponding Acids
Strength
Cl
–
, chloride ion
HCl, hydrochloric acid
strong
ClO
–
, hypochlorite ion
HClO, hypochlorous acid
weak
ClO
2
–
, chlorite ion
HClO
2
, chlorous acid
weak
ClO
3
–
, chlorate ion
HClO
3
, chloric acid
strong
ClO
4
–
, perchlorate ion
HClO
4
, perchloric acid
strong
S
2–
, sulfide ion
H
2
S, hydrosulfuric acid
weak
SO
3
2–
, sulfite ion
H
2
SO
3
, sulfurous acid
weak
SO
4
2–
, sulfate ion
H
2
SO
4
, sulfuric acid
strong
NO
2
–
, nitrite ion
HNO
2
, nitrous acid
weak
NO
3
–
, nitrate ion
HNO
3
, nitric acid
strong